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What is DARK MATTER and DARK ENERGY?

The matter is something that has mass and occupies space, like the trees around us, the stars, galaxies, birds, stars, rocks, etc, but still, these things occupy only 5% of known energy and matter and there is a lot more to see and explore.  About 25% is dark matter and 70% is dark energy. Both of which are invisible. It is really strange to hear that what we experience is really very low compared to reality. It is really worse that we don't have any clue about what is dark matter and energy and how does it work. Actually, dark matter is the stuff that made galaxies possible. When we understand Galaxy it makes a way for us that there is no enough normal matter. The gravity of the seen matter is not so strong to form complex structures in the universe, so there is something else that makes this possible. It is something that does not give or reflect light.  It is possible to calculate the dark matter. Places with a high concentration of dark matter make the place non-luminous and be
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The First Heart Transplantation

The scope of heart surgery has vastly increased ever since the introduction of the heart lung machine in the 1950s.This machine pumps blood from the veins to the arteries without having  to pass through the heart.

Most of these machines oxygenate the blood,thus completely bypassing the lungs as well .with its use the heart can be stopped
and opened for upto four hours .It was because of the use of such modern techniques and apparatus that the first human heart transplant became possible.
The heart transplantation took place on December 3,1967,at Groote Schuur Hospital,Cape Town , South Africa . A team of 20 surgeons, headed by Dr.Christian Barnard, operated on Louis Washkansky , aged 55. The donor was 24 year old Denise Ann Darvall, who had been killed in a road accident. Both the donor and the recipient were of the same blood group and the heart was kept in cooled oxygenated blood for more than three hours before the transplantation. The operation took around five hours , and the new heart was only half the size of Washkansky's . The operation was successful. Within a few days Washkansky had sat up , started taking food and talking happily. The doctors were anxious about transplant rejection by the body and also post-operative infection which, in fact , did kill washkansky within a month after the transplant.
In January 1968, a second transplant was carried out on Philip Blaiberg, a 58 year old dentist. The surgery was successful.

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